Relisting statin adverse effects symptom list

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Relisting statin adverse effects symptom list

Postby David Staup » Sat Aug 17, 2013 3:06 pm

Statin drug potential adverse reaction symptoms

The following is a list of potential symptoms of the many known adverse effects of statin drugs listed in general terms that the layman can understand . The Adverse effects that are described here are mostly from the UCSD study: “Statin Adverse Effects, A Review of the Literature and Evidence for a Mitochondrial Mechanism” published by Beatrice A. Golomb and Marcella A. Evans from UCSD. This study can be seen here:
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849981/

A general descriptive list can be seen at the following UCSD web page:
*https://www.statineffects.com/info/adverse_effects.htm

Blood
glycemia:
The presence of increased glucose in the blood.
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19188844

diabetes mellitus:
The classical symptoms of DM are polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger). Symptoms may develop quite rapidly (weeks or months)
*http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61965-6/abstract

Bone and Joint
Gout:
The most common sign of gout is a nighttime attack of swelling, tenderness, redness, and sharp pain in your big toe. Other joints may include the instep, ankles, heels, knees, wrists, fingers, and elbows. Rarely, the shoulders, hips, or spine may be affected.

Tendinopathy:
Symptoms can vary from aches or pains and local stiffness, to a burning that surrounds the whole joint around the inflamed tendon. With this condition, the pain is usually worse during and after activity, and the tendon and joint area can become stiffer the following day as swelling impinges on the movement of the tendon
*http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117916386/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0

Tendon rupture:
*http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002914907006248

Brain
Hemorrhagic stroke:
altered smell, taste, hearing, or vision (total or partial)
drooping of eyelid (ptosis) and weakness of ocular muscles
decreased reflexes: gag, swallow, pupil reactivity to light
decreased sensation and muscle weakness of the face

balance problems and nystagmus (a form of involuntary eye movement)
altered breathing and heart rate
weakness in sternocleidomastoid muscle with inability to turn head to one side
weakness in tongue (inability to protrude and/or move from side to side)
*http://cardiology.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2007/1212/1


Cancer
A meta-analysis found that statin effects on cancer were significant and determined by achieved LDL-C reduction.
*http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/275/1/55
*http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/short/50/5/409
*http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0190962209002424

Cardiac function
heart failure:
Heart failure can cause a large variety of symptoms such as shortness of breath (typically worse when lying flat, which is called orthopnea), coughing, ankle swelling and reduced exercise capacity.
*http://www.annals.org/content/142/11/949.3.extract

Heart block:
Fatigue, weakness, Dizziness or light-headedness, Fainting or nearly fainting, Shortness of breath
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12773066

heart rhythm disturbances:
The classic symptoms of arrhythmias include palpitations, dizziness, fainting, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Of course, some of these may not occur, even with serious arrhythmias. People may experience palpitations as missed beats, “skips,” “thumps,” “butterflies,” “fluttering,” or “racing”; the palpitations may come in single or multiple beats and maybe feltanywhere from the stomach to the head. People often become more aware of palpitations before going to sleep at night, particularly when they lie on the left side of the body. At this time they are free from distractions, and the bed may act like a drum, amplifying heartbeats. Palpitations may not be especially bothersome, but light-headedness or fainting (syncope) caused by irregular, rapid, or slow rhythms is harder to ignore. These symptoms usually do not occur unless the heart rate becomes very slow (less than 35 to 45 beats per minute) or extremely rapid (more than 150 beats per minute). In other words, the heart rate rhythm disturbance
usually must entail more than just a few extra beats. The individual passes out because the erratically beating heart fails to pump enough blood to the brain. A fainting spell caused by heart rhythm abnorrealities usually begins with light-headedness rather than the spinning (vertigo) associated with dizziness. The first sensation may be of falling. If the individual recovers before actually passing out, the symptom is known as presyncope. Fainting without warning, however, may occur and may cause injury. If the person is driving a car or operating heavy machinery, fainting obviously can lead to an accident. Any sudden blackout, in the absence of a history of other causes, may indicate an arrhythmia disorder. The chest pain and shortness of breath that may accompany an arrhythmia usually occur because a rapid heartbeat has put a strain on the heart muscle, which becomes starved for oxygen. The symptoms
may be similar to those of angina—pain or pressure originating from the heart but felt anywhere from the
stomach to the jaw, including the back, and sometimes associated with nausea or sweating. These symptoms are not common in younger persons who may experience irregular or rapid heartbeats. They are more frequently noticed in older persons with underlying heart disease. Some patients may feel discomfort
simply because of the rapid thumping of the heart against the chest.
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12955433


Hypotension:
The cardinal symptom of hypotension is lightheadedness or dizziness. If the blood pressure is sufficiently low, fainting and often seizures will occur.
*http://www.springerlink.com/content/364468783p705741/




Cognician
Brain fog:
Loss of mental sharpness
There is a loss of short-term memory which leads to forgetfulness
Feeling spaced out and unable to think clearly
A feeling of being in a fog or having a dark cloud over one’s head
The span of attention is decreased
A feeling of anxiousness or mild depression
There is no spatial awareness
There is a lack of focus and concentrating is very difficult
significant worsening of cognitive indices:
Difficulty reading, writing, and doing simple math in your head. Difficulty forming coherent thoughts or expressing yourself efficiently, temporary at a loss for words. Spelling difficulties
*http://www.theannals.com/cgi/content/abstract/aph.1H014v1
*http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002934304005467
*http://www.atypon-link.com/PPI/doi/abs/10.1592/phco.23.15.1663.31953

Memory:
memory loss, confusion, trouble following conversations, and forgetting the names of family and friends etc.
*http://www.atypon-link.com/PPI/doi/abs/10.1592/phco.23.7.871.32720
*http://www.atypon-link.com/PPI/doi/abs/10.1592/phco.26.8.1190
*http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/458867_3

Amnesia
Anterograde amnesia is a loss of the ability to create new memories
Retrograde amnesia is a form of amnesia where someone will be unable to recall events that occurred before the development of amnesia
transient global amnesia, your recall of recent events simply vanishes, so you can't remember where you are or how you got there. You may also draw a blank when asked to remember things that happened a day, a month or even a year ago.
*http://www.atypon-link.com/PPI/doi/abs/10.1592/phco.23.7.871.32720
*http://casereports.bmj.com/content/2009/bcr.06.2008.0033.abstract

Dermatologic
Actinic dermatitis:
a condition where a subject's skin becomes inflamed due to a reaction to sunlight or artificial light. CAD patients often suffer from other related conditions of the skin that results in dermatitis
*http://archderm.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/extract/142/8/1082?ck=nck
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12535029


Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis:
also known as "Pustular drug eruption," and "Toxic pustuloderma" is a not uncommon cutaneous reaction pattern that in 90% of cases is related to medication administration, characterized by a sudden eruption that appears on average five days after the medication is started
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12950356

Alopecia
a condition affecting humans, in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body, usually from the scalp
*http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000293430201135X


Angioneurotic edema:
The skin of the face, normally around the mouth, and the mucosa of the mouth and/or throat, as well as the tongue, swell up over the period of minutes to several hours. The swelling can also occur elsewhere, typically in the hands. The swelling can be itchy or painful. There may also be slightly decreased sensation in the affected areas due to compression of the nerves. Urticaria (hives) may develop simultaneously.
*http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/115/3/886.full

IgA bullous dermatosis:
A rare immune-mediated blistering skin disease
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11260550

Cheilitis:
an inflammatory lesion at the corner of the mouth and often occurs bilaterally. The condition manifests as deep cracks or splits. In severe cases, the splits can bleed when the mouth is opened and shallow ulcers or a crust may form.
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9798110


Drug eruption:
a skin eruption, usually an allergic reaction, that is caused by a particular drug. Nearly any drug can produce a skin reaction as a result of gradual accumulation of the drug or development of antibodies that reject a component of the medication. A drug rash that is a sensitivity reaction does not occur the first time the drug is taken, but the effect is observed with subsequent uses
*http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a714076263&db=all
*http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119275607/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0


Eosinophilic fasciitis:
The usual initial symptoms are pain, swelling, and inflammation of the skin, particularly over the inside of the arms and the front of the legs. The skin of the face, chest, and abdomen may occasionally be affected. Symptoms may first be noticed after strenuous physical activity. Symptoms usually progress gradually. After weeks, the inflamed skin begins to harden, eventually acquiring a texture similar to an orange peel.
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18501180


Ichthyosis:
All types of ichthyosis have dry, thickened, scaly or flaky skin. In many types the skin is said to resemble the scales on a fish.


Lichen planus pemphigoides:
The typical rash of lichen planus is well-described by the "4 P's": well-defined pruritic, planar, purple, polygonal papules. The commonly affected sites are near the wrist and the ankle. The rash tends to heal with prominent blue-black or brownish discoloration that persists for a long time.
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12671581


Urticaria (Hives):
a kind of skin rash notable for dark red, raised, itchy bumps.
*http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/115/3/886.full.html




Gastrointestinal
Ulcerative colitis:
Patients usually present with diarrhea mixed with blood and mucus, of gradual onset. They also may have signs of weight loss, and blood on rectal examination. The disease is usually accompanied with different degrees of abdominal pain, from mild discomfort to severely painful cramps.

Severe gastric ulceration:
Almost all people will have pain in the upper, central part of the abdomen (just under the breastbone). The pain can be a dull ache, throbbing, sharp, burning, "gas-like," cramping, etc. However, the pain can occur in almost any part of the abdomen.

Ileus:
Ileus is a disruption of the normal propulsive gastrointestinal motor activity due to non-mechanical causes. Symptoms of ileus include, but are not limited to:
moderate, diffuse abdominal discomfort
constipation
abdominal distension
nausea/vomiting, especially after meals
lack of bowel movement and/or flatulence
excessive belching
*http://www.scribd.com/doc/21978420/A-case-of-severe-statin-induced-ileus

Irritable bowel syndrome:
The primary symptoms of IBS are abdominal pain or discomfort in association with frequent diarrhea or constipation, a change in bowel habits. There may also be urgency for bowel movements, a feeling of incomplete evacuation (tenesmus), bloating or abdominal distention. People with IBS more commonly than others have gastroesophageal reflux, symptoms relating to the genitourinary system, psychiatric symptoms such as depression and anxiety, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, headache and backache.


Immune system
autoimmune hepatitis:
Anemia, Fatigue, Abdominal discomfort, Joint aches (arthralgias), Itching (pruritus), Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), An enlarged liver, Abnormal blood vessels on the skin (spider angiomas), Nausea and vomiting, Liver scarring (cirrhosis)' Fluid in the abdomen (ascites), Mental confusion.
*http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118534819/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0

lupus like reactions:
Weight loss or gain, Joint pain, stiffness and swelling , Skin lesions that appear or worsen with sun exposure Mouth sores, Hair loss, Fingers and toes that turn white or blue when exposed to cold or during stressful periods, Shortness of breath, Chest pain, Dry eyes, Easy bruising, Anxiety, Depression, Memory loss
*http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=pdf&file=DRM2004208003276


dermatomyositis:
Difficulty swallowing, Muscle weakness, stiffness, or soreness, Purple or violet colored upper eyelids
Purple-red skin rash, Shortness of breath
*http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16322317
*http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118534819/abstract




Guillian Barre-like syndrome:
The disorder is characterized by symmetrical weakness which usually affects the lower limbs first, and rapidly progresses in an ascending fashion. Patients generally notice weakness in their legs, manifesting as "rubbery legs" or legs that tend to buckle, with or without dysesthesias (numbness or tingling). As the weakness progresses upward, usually over periods of hours to days, the arms and facial muscles also become affected. Frequently, the lower cranial nerves may be affected, leading to bulbar weakness, (oropharyngeal dysphagia, that is difficulty with swallowing, drooling, and/or maintaining an open airway) and respiratory difficulties
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15389662


Muscular
mitochondrial myopathy:
Aside from muscle weakness and exercise intolerance, the symptoms of mitochondrial myopathy may include nausea, vomiting, headache, seizures, stroke-like episodes, and dementia; droopy eyelids, limited mobility of the eyes, blindness, and deafness; heart failure and heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias); and movement disorders.
*http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673603121526


Myopathy:
In most myopathies, weakness occurs primarily in the muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, thighs, and pelvis (proximal muscles). In some cases, the distal muscles of the hands and feet may be involved during the advanced stage of disease.Other typical symptoms of muscle disease include the following:
Aching, Cramping, Pain, Stiffness, Tenderness, Tightness.
Initially, individuals may feel fatigued doing very light physical activity. Walking and climbing stairs may be difficult because of weakness in the pelvic and leg muscles that stabilize the trunk. Patients often find it difficult to rise from a chair. As the myopathy progresses, there may be muscle wasting.
*http://medresidents.stanford.edu/TeachingMaterials/GIM/Statin%20myopathy.pdf
*http://www.mclibrary.duke.edu/blog/2009/07/statin-associated-myopathy-and-muscle.html

Myositis:
Inflammation of a muscle, especially a voluntary muscle, characterized by pain, tenderness, and sometimes spasm in the affected area.
*http://adisonline.com/drugsafety/Abstract/2000/22060/HMG_CoA_Reductase_Inhibitors_and_Myotoxicity.3.aspx

Myalgia:
Pain in the muscles; muscular rheumatism. Muscular pain or tenderness, especially when diffuse and nonspecific
*http://medresidents.stanford.edu/TeachingMaterials/GIM/Statin%20myopathy.pdf



Rhabdomyolysis:
Rhabdomyolysis is the rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle. Pain, tenderness, weakness and edema (swelling) of the affected muscles may be present. Release of the components of muscle tissue into the bloodstream leads to disturbances in electrolytes, causing nausea, vomiting, confusion, coma and cardiac arrhythmias (abnormal heart rate and rhythm). Furthermore, damage to the kidneys may lead to dark amd foamy urine or a marked decrease or of urine production, usually about 12–24 hours after the initial muscle damage.
*http://medresidents.stanford.edu/TeachingMaterials/GIM/Statin%20myopathy.pdf
*http://www.theannals.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/9/1096

Rippling muscle disease:
A disorder involving skeletal muscle contractions which produces a visible rippling affect.
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16688722

Exercise limitations or exercise induced muscle symptoms
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1884475/
*http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WN4-4D6XK5T-4K&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F1997&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1256582817&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=908252e1fe13840e951acaeabc31a875

New difficulty walking
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16093417


Mitochondrial disorders

This is probably at the heart of statin damage and the symptom list includes all of the symptoms listed here and more. The following study discusses the medication - mitochondrial disfunction link and the potential effects: “Medication-induced mitochondrial damage and disease” by John Neustadt and Steve R. Pieczenik.

This study can be seen here:
*http://psychrights.org/research/Digest/NLPs/DrugsCauseMitochondrialDamage.pdf

More information on mitochondrial disorders can be seen here:
*http://www.mitoaction.org/guide/clinical-phenotypes


Neurologic
Neuropathy:
In terms of sensory function, there are commonly loss of function (negative) symptoms, which include numbness, tremor, and gait imbalance.
Gain of function (positive) symptoms include tingling, pain, itching, crawling, and pins and needles. Pain can become intense.Skin can become so hypersensitive that patients are prohibited from having anything touch certain parts of their body, especially the feet. People with this degree of sensitivity cannot have a bedsheet touch their feet or wear socks or shoes, and eventually become housebound.
Motor symptoms include loss of function (negative) symptoms of weakness, tiredness, heaviness, and gait abnormalities; and gain of function (positive) symptoms of cramps, tremor, and twitches
There is also pain in the muscles (myalgia), cramps, etc., and there may also be autonomic dysfunction.
*http://www.springerlink.com/content/7871uvlbme4ytygf/
*http://www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/jns/article/PIIS0022510X02003969/abstract
*http://www.theannals.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/2/274?ijkey=4050b84f3950708be51473d6dd4dcc3a400a34ff&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
*http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/58/9/1333
*http://healthlibrary.epnet.com/GetContent.aspx?token=c5987b1e-add7-403a-b817-b3efe6109265&chunkiid=21351




Neurodegenerative

Parkinsons disease:
Muscle rigidity, tremor, a slowing of physical movement (bradykinesia) and, in extreme cases, a loss of physical movement (akinesia).
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1906875/


ALS or ALS like syndrome:
muscle weakness in one or more of the following: hands, arms, legs or the muscles of speech, swallowing or breathing, twitching (fasciculation) and cramping of muscles, especially those in the hands and feet
impairment of the use of the arms and legs,"thick speech" and difficulty in projecting the voice
in more advanced stages, shortness of breath, difficulty in breathing and swallowing.
*http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all?content=10.1080/17482960802031092
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17536877


Oral
Dry mouth
Bitterness
Cough
Oral paresthesias:
numbness or tingling that occurs in the mucosa or tissues of the oral cavity
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18223537


Ocular and vision
Cataracts
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9921047

diplopia:
commonly known as double vision, is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object. These images may be displaced horizontally, vertically, or diagonally
*http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0161642008007458

external ophthalmoplegia:
paralysis of the external ocular muscles (for eye movement).
*http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0161-6420(08)00745-8

Ptosis:
an abnormally low position (drooping) of the upper eyelid. The drooping may be worse after being awake longer, when the individual's muscles are tired.
*http://www.nelm.nhs.uk/en/NeLM-Area/News/2009---January/08/Analysis-of-reports-of-ophthalmic-adverse-effects-with-statins/

Refractive disorders:
Objects may appear blurry when far away, near, or both.





Psychiatric
psychosis, depression, paranoia, anxiety, personality change, suicidal thoughts, honicidal thoughts, aggression, anger, Bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, Anxiety disorders, and rage
*http://qjmed.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/97/4/229
*http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/adis/dsf/2007/00000030/00000003/art00003
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411859


Pulmonary
interstitial lung disease:
Shortness of breath, nonproductive cough or chest pain, Wheezing, discomfort in the chest, Loss of appetite, Rapid weight loss, Night sweats, Fingernails that curve over the tops of your fingertips (clubbing)
*http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/186_02_150107/wal10011_fm.html
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8774391?dopt=Abstract
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10084510?dopt=Abstract

Pulmonary fibrosis:
The most common pulmonary fibrosis symptoms are shortness of breath, especially during or after physical activity, and a dry cough
*http://erj.ersjournals.com/cgi/content/full/19/3/577

Respiratory Muscle Myopathy:
*http://ptjournal.apta.org/cgi/content/full/89/3/257
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10084510?dopt=Abstract

Sexual
Erectile dysfunction (ED)
*http://fampra.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/19/1/95
*http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/adis/dsf/2006/00000029/00000002/art00004

Loss of libido
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1884568/


Misc.

angioedema:
The skin of the face, normally around the mouth, and the mucosa of the mouth and/or throat, as well as the tongue, swell up over the period of minutes to several hours. The swelling can also occur elsewhere, typically in the hands or feet. The swelling can be itchy or painful. There may also be slightly decreased sensation in the affected areas due to compression of the nerves

Pancreatitis:
Severe upper abdominal pain, with radiation through to the back, is the hallmark of pancreatitis. Nausea and vomiting (emesis) are prominent symptoms. Findings on the physical exam will vary according to the severity of the pancreatitis, and whether or not it is associated with significant internal bleeding. The blood pressure may be high (when pain is prominent) or low (if internal bleeding or dehydration has occurred). Typically, both the heart and respiratory rates are elevated. Abdominal tenderness is usually found but may be less severe than expected given the patient's degree of abdominal pain
*http://www.atypon-link.com/PPI/doi/abs/10.1592/phco.26.3.414
*http://www.joplink.net/prev/200305/04.html
*http://www2.wfubmc.edu/articles/Pancreatitis+from+Statins/
*http://www.joplink.net/prev/200411/200411_10.pdf


Sleep disorders
*http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/adis/dsf/2008/00000031/00000012/art00007
*http://www.ema.europa.eu/pdfs/human/phvwp/72025609en.pdf


Temperature regulation problems:
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1022636/?page=1
David Staup
 
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Location: granbury, texas

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